Multiple sclerosis: signs and symptoms
INSULAR:
Intention tremor
Nystagmus
Slurred speech
Uthoff's phenomenon
Lhermitte's sign
Ataxia
Rebound
Another Mnemonic
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INSULAR:
Intention tremor
Nystagmus
Slurred speech
Uthoff's phenomenon
Lhermitte's sign
Ataxia
Rebound
Another Mnemonic
DEMYELINATION
- Diplopia (double vision) / Dysmetria (lack of coord w/ distance) / Dysdiadochokinesis (inability to perform rapid alt. movements) / Depression
- Eye movements painful – optic neuritis
- Motor – weakness, spasticity
- nYstagmus (involuntary eye movements)
- Elevated temperature – Uhthoff’s phenomenon
- Lhermitte’s phenomenon – electric shock sensation down back, thighs on bending neck
- Neuropathic pain – trigeminal neuralgia
- Ataxia
- Talking slurred, dysarthria
- Impotence
- Overactive bladder
- Numbness – pins and needles
MS – discreet plaques of demyelination throughout CNS (PNS usually spared) due to T-cell mediated autoimmune response. Relapsing & remitting symptoms.
Common sites affected:
- Optic nerve
- Brainstem
- Cervical spinal cord
Typical presentation involves:
- Vertigo
- Diplopia
- Nystagmus
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